Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

compulsion or necessity

  • 1 mecburiyet

    compulsion, obligation, necessity

    İngilizce Sözlük Türkçe > mecburiyet

  • 2 Befehlsnotstand

    m JUR.: unter Befehlsnotstand handeln act under binding orders
    * * *
    Be|fehls|not|stand
    m (JUR)
    compulsion or necessity to obey orders

    unter Beféhlsnotstand handeln — to be acting under orders

    * * *
    unter Befehlsnotstand handeln act under binding orders

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Befehlsnotstand

  • 3 Zwangsläufigkeit

    f inevitability
    * * *
    die Zwangsläufigkeit
    coerciveness
    * * *
    Zwạngs|läu|fig|keit [-lɔyfɪçkait]
    f -, -en
    inevitability
    * * *
    Zwangs·läu·fig·keit
    <-, -en>
    meist sing f inevitability
    * * *
    Zwangsläufigkeit f inevitability
    * * *
    f.
    coerciveness n.
    compulsion n.
    necessity n.
    obligation n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Zwangsläufigkeit

  • 4 принуда

    compulsion, constraint; coercion; force
    юр. duress(e)
    вж. и принуждение
    по принуда out of/by/from necessity, under compulsion
    юр. under duress(e)
    без принуда of o.'s own free will
    * * *
    прину̀да,
    ж., само ед. compulsion, constraint; coercion; force; pressure; юр. duress(e); без \принуда of o.’s own free will; неизбежна \принуда юр. fine force; по \принуда out of/by/from necessity, under compulsion; юр. under duress(e); пълна \принуда икон. full-line force; sl. screws, third degree.
    * * *
    compulsion: I did it under принуда. - Направих го по принуда.; coercion; constraint; force{fO;s}; forcing; necessity
    * * *
    1. compulsion, constraint;coercion;force 2. без ПРИНУДА of o.'s own free will 3. вж. и принуждение 4. по ПРИНУДА out of/by/from necessity, under compulsion 5. юр. duress(e) 6. юр. under duress(e)

    Български-английски речник > принуда

  • 5 принуждение

    compulsion, constraint; force; coercion
    юр. duress(e)
    по принуждение under/in constraint, under/upon compulsion; out of/by/from necessity
    юр. under duress(e)
    * * *
    принуждѐние,
    ср., само ед. compulsion, constraint; force; coercion; юр. duress(e); по \принуждениее under/in constraint, under/upon compulsion; out of/by/from necessity; юр. under duress(e).
    * * *
    coercion; compulsion; forcing{`fO;siN}; necessity
    * * *
    1. compulsion, constraint;force;coercion 2. по ПРИНУЖДЕНИЕ under/in constraint, under/upon compulsion;out of/by/ from necessity 3. юр. duress(e) 4. юр. under duress(e)

    Български-английски речник > принуждение

  • 6 הכרח

    necessity, must, inevitability, requisite; compulsion, coercion, violation

    Hebrew-English dictionary > הכרח

  • 7 pakollisuus

    • compulsion
    • necessity
    • obligatoriness

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > pakollisuus

  • 8 Zwang

    Imperf. zwingen
    * * *
    der Zwang
    coercion; compulsion; constraint; duress
    * * *
    Zwạng [tsvaŋ]
    m -(e)s, -e
    ['tsvɛŋə] (= Notwendigkeit) compulsion; (= Gewalt) force; (= Verpflichtung) obligation; (= hemmender Zwang) constraint

    stehen/handeln — to be/act under duress

    etw aus Zwang tun — to do sth under duress, to be forced to do sth

    tu dir keinen Zwang an — don't feel you have to be polite; (iro) don't force yourself

    darf ich rauchen? – ja, tu dir keinen Zwang an — may I smoke? – feel free

    der Zwang des Gesetzes/der Verhältnisse/Konvention — the force of the law/of circumstances/of convention

    * * *
    der
    2) (compelling or being compelled: You are under no compulsion to go.) compulsion
    * * *
    <-[e]s, Zwänge>
    [tsvaŋ, pl tsvɛŋə]
    m
    1. (Gewalt) force; (Druck) pressure
    gesellschaftliche Zwänge social constraints
    seinen Gefühlen \Zwang antun to suppress one's feelings
    \Zwang ausüben to put on pressure
    \Zwang auf jdn ausüben to exert pressure on sb
    \Zwang auf jdn ausüben, damit er/sie etw tut to pressurize [or pressure] sb into doing sth
    etw ohne \Zwang tun to do sth voluntarily [or without being forced [to]]
    unter \Zwang under duress [or pressure]
    ein Geständnis unter \Zwang machen to make a confession under duress
    2. (Notwendigkeit) compulsion, necessity
    aus \Zwang under compulsion, out of necessity
    ▪ der \Zwang einer S. gen the pressure of sth
    es besteht kein \Zwang, etw zu kaufen there is no obligation to buy sth
    3. (Einfluss) influence
    4.
    ▶ tu dir keinen \Zwang an feel free [to do sth]
    darf man hier rauchen? — klar, tu dir keinen Zwang an! is it OK to smoke here? — of course, feel free!
    * * *
    der; Zwang[e]s, Zwänge

    der Zwang der Verhältnisse — the force of circumstance[s]

    soziale Zwänge — social constraints; the constraints of society

    2) (innerer Drang) irresistible urge

    aus einem Zwang [heraus] handeln — act under a compulsion or on an irresistible impulse

    3) o. Pl. (Verpflichtung) obligation

    es besteht kein Zwang zur Teilnahme/zum Kauf — there is no obligation to take part/to buy anything

    * * *
    Zwang m; -(e)s, Zwänge
    1. compulsion; (Druck) pressure ( auch MED);
    gesellschaftliche/politische Zwänge social/political constraints;
    der Zwang der Verhältnisse the force of circumstances;
    der Zwang der Mode the dictates of fashion;
    der Zwang der Konvention the straitjacket of convention;
    es besteht kein Zwang zum Kauf there is no obligation to buy;
    die Teilnahme ist Zwang participation is compulsory;
    unter Zwang stehen/handeln be/act under duress
    2. moralisch: constraint, inhibition; (Verpflichtung) (moral) obligation;
    allen Zwang ablegen abandon all restraint;
    seinen Gefühlen Zwang antun keep one’s feelings strictly under control, rein in one’s feelings;
    seinen Gefühlen keinen Zwang antun not hide one’s feelings, give free rein to one’s feelings;
    sich (dat)
    auferlegen (sich beherrschen) restrain o.s. (from doing sth); (zwingen zu) force o.s. (to do sth);
    tun Sie sich nur keinen Zwang an! don’t stand on ceremony, make yourself at home, no need to be shy(, now) hum;
    tu dir nur keinen Zwang an! iron don’t mind me
    3. PSYCH compulsion; (Besessenheit) obsession;
    einem inneren Zwang folgen follow an inner compulsion
    * * *
    der; Zwang[e]s, Zwänge

    der Zwang der Verhältnisse — the force of circumstance[s]

    soziale Zwänge — social constraints; the constraints of society

    2) (innerer Drang) irresistible urge

    aus einem Zwang [heraus] handeln — act under a compulsion or on an irresistible impulse

    3) o. Pl. (Verpflichtung) obligation

    es besteht kein Zwang zur Teilnahme/zum Kauf — there is no obligation to take part/to buy anything

    * * *
    ¨-e m.
    coercion n.
    compulsion n.
    constraint n.
    dictate n.
    enforcement n.
    force n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Zwang

  • 9 zwang

    Imperf. zwingen
    * * *
    der Zwang
    coercion; compulsion; constraint; duress
    * * *
    Zwạng [tsvaŋ]
    m -(e)s, -e
    ['tsvɛŋə] (= Notwendigkeit) compulsion; (= Gewalt) force; (= Verpflichtung) obligation; (= hemmender Zwang) constraint

    stehen/handeln — to be/act under duress

    etw aus Zwang tun — to do sth under duress, to be forced to do sth

    tu dir keinen Zwang an — don't feel you have to be polite; (iro) don't force yourself

    darf ich rauchen? – ja, tu dir keinen Zwang an — may I smoke? – feel free

    der Zwang des Gesetzes/der Verhältnisse/Konvention — the force of the law/of circumstances/of convention

    * * *
    der
    2) (compelling or being compelled: You are under no compulsion to go.) compulsion
    * * *
    <-[e]s, Zwänge>
    [tsvaŋ, pl tsvɛŋə]
    m
    1. (Gewalt) force; (Druck) pressure
    gesellschaftliche Zwänge social constraints
    seinen Gefühlen \Zwang antun to suppress one's feelings
    \Zwang ausüben to put on pressure
    \Zwang auf jdn ausüben to exert pressure on sb
    \Zwang auf jdn ausüben, damit er/sie etw tut to pressurize [or pressure] sb into doing sth
    etw ohne \Zwang tun to do sth voluntarily [or without being forced [to]]
    unter \Zwang under duress [or pressure]
    ein Geständnis unter \Zwang machen to make a confession under duress
    2. (Notwendigkeit) compulsion, necessity
    aus \Zwang under compulsion, out of necessity
    ▪ der \Zwang einer S. gen the pressure of sth
    es besteht kein \Zwang, etw zu kaufen there is no obligation to buy sth
    3. (Einfluss) influence
    4.
    ▶ tu dir keinen \Zwang an feel free [to do sth]
    darf man hier rauchen? — klar, tu dir keinen Zwang an! is it OK to smoke here? — of course, feel free!
    * * *
    der; Zwang[e]s, Zwänge

    der Zwang der Verhältnisse — the force of circumstance[s]

    soziale Zwänge — social constraints; the constraints of society

    2) (innerer Drang) irresistible urge

    aus einem Zwang [heraus] handeln — act under a compulsion or on an irresistible impulse

    3) o. Pl. (Verpflichtung) obligation

    es besteht kein Zwang zur Teilnahme/zum Kauf — there is no obligation to take part/to buy anything

    * * *
    zwang imperf → zwingen
    * * *
    der; Zwang[e]s, Zwänge

    der Zwang der Verhältnisse — the force of circumstance[s]

    soziale Zwänge — social constraints; the constraints of society

    2) (innerer Drang) irresistible urge

    aus einem Zwang [heraus] handeln — act under a compulsion or on an irresistible impulse

    3) o. Pl. (Verpflichtung) obligation

    es besteht kein Zwang zur Teilnahme/zum Kauf — there is no obligation to take part/to buy anything

    * * *
    ¨-e m.
    coercion n.
    compulsion n.
    constraint n.
    dictate n.
    enforcement n.
    force n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > zwang

  • 10 δεῖ

    δεῖ inf. (τὸ) δεῖν Lk 18:1, Ac 25:24; AcPlCor 1:9, subj. δέῃ, impf. ἔδει (B-D-F §358, 1; Rob. 885f), fut. δεήσει Josh 18:4; impers. verb from δέω; for Attic ins forms s. Threatte II 634f (Hom.+) Strict classification of usage is not possible because of the multifunctional adaptability of this verb, esp. in colloquial discourse.
    ① to be under necessity of happening, it is necessary, one must, one has to, denoting compulsion of any kind.
    ⓐ of that which takes place because of circumstances or inner necessity, with the context determining the cause (Hdt. [8, 53 ἔδεε κατὰ τὸ θεοπρόπιον]; Appian, Liby. 122 §578 ἁλῶναι ἔδει Καρχηδόνα=it was necessary that Carthage be captured, i.e. it could not escape being captured [Appian’s theological perspective surfaces, s. e.g. 7, 53; 8, 51; 57; 61; 62; 92]; Da 2:28f, 45 Theod; Wsd 16:4; Just., D. 6, 2; 32, 4) Mt 17:10; 24:6 (δεῖ γενέσθαι as Jos., Ant. 10, 142); 26:54; Mk 9:11; 13:7, 10; Lk 4:43; 21:9; 24:46 v.l.; J 3:14, 30; 9:4; 10:16; 20:9; Ac 1:16; 3:21; 4:12; Ro 1:27; 1 Cor 15:53; 2 Cor 5:10; Rv 1:1; 4:1; 22:6; 2 Cl 2:5.
    ⓑ of the compulsion of law or custom ᾗ ἔδει θύεσθαι τὸ πάσχα when the paschal lamb had to be sacrificed Lk 22:7.—Mt 23:23; Lk 11:42; 13:14; J 4:20, 24; Ac 15:5; 18:21 v.l. Of the compulsion of Roman law 25:10.
    ⓒ of an inner necessity growing out of a given situation, Mt 26:35 (Jos., Ant. 6, 108 κἂν ἀποθανεῖν δέῃ; PFay 109, 5 ἐάν σε δῇ [=δέῃ] τὸ εἱμάτιόν σου θεῖναι ἐνέχυρον; Ath. 24, 1 τί δὲ δεῖ πρὸς ὑμᾶς … μνημονεύειν;), Mk 14:31; J 4:4; Ac 14:22; 21:22 v.l.; 27:21; 2 Cor 11:30.—ὥστε … [τὴν Ἀρτεμύλλαν] μικ̣ρ̣ο̣ῦ δεῖν ἀπόπληκτον γενέσθαι so that Artemilla was on the point of fainting AcPl Ha 3, 33–35 (Demosth. 27, 29; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 119 al.).
    ⓓ of compulsion caused by the necessity of attaining a certain result Lk 12:12; 19:5; Ac 9:6; 1 Cor 11:19; 2 Cl 1:1; B 4:1; IEph 7:1.—τὰ δέοντα (PPetr II, 11 [1], 6; BGU 251, 5 al.; pap; Pr 30:8; 2 Macc 13:20) the needs Hs 2, 5 and 8.
    ② to be someth. that should happen because of being fitting,
    ⓐ gener. (Epict. 2, 22, 20 φίλος ἔσομαι οἷος δεῖ; 3, 23, 21 ὡς δεῖ, as Just., D. 114, 1; 2 Macc 6:20; 4 Macc 7:8) 2 Ti 2:6, 24. καθὸ δεῖ as is proper Ro 8:26.—δέον ἐστίν it is necessary, one must (Polyb.; POxy 727, 19f; 1061, 13; BGU 981 II, 6; Sir. Prol. ln. 3; 1 Macc 12:11; EpArist) Ac 19:36; 1 Cl 34:2; without ἐστίν (POxy 899, 40; EpArist 227; 242; Philo, Aet. M. 107; Jos., Bell. 2, 296; Just., A I, 4, 6; A II, 2, 7; D. 11, 2) ITr 2:3; Pol 5:3. εἰ δέον ἐστίν if it must be 1 Pt 1:6 (s. εἰμί 11d); οὐ δέον v.l. for οὐδέν Papias (4).—On the constr. of δεῖ, note that as a rule the acc. and inf. follow it (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 254; Lucian, Charon 13, Pisc. 17; Just., D. 11, 2 al.; B-D-F §408), occasionally the inf. alone Mt 23:23 (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 53a; Just., A I, 4, 6 al.—B-D-F §407); 26:54; Ac 5:29.—To convey the idea that someth. should not happen, δεῖ is used w. the negative οὐ Lk 13:16; 2 Tim 2:24; 2 Cl 1:1; AcPlCor 1:10 or μή. Tit 1:11 (ἃ μὴ δεῖ what is not proper [also Ael. Aristid. 54 p. 687 D.] is prob. a mixture of τὰ μὴ δέοντα 1 Ti 5:13 and ἃ οὐ δεῖ [Job 19:4]; s. B-D-F §428, 4; Rob. 1169); Ac 15:24. εἰ δὲ δεῖ ἡμᾶς … μὴ ποιεῖσθαι τὴν παραβολήν AcPlCor 2:28.
    ⓑ of that which one should do (Wsd 12:19; 16:28; EpJer 5; Tob 12:1): one ought or should οὐκ ἔδει σε ἐλεῆσαι; should you not have had mercy? Mt 18:33.—Lk 2:49; 15:32; 18:1; Ac 5:29; 1 Th 4:1; Tit 1:11; 1 Cl 62:2.—In τί με δεῖ ποιεῖν; what shall I do? Ac 16:30, δ. stands for the deliberative subj. (B-D-F §366, 4).
    ⓒ to indicate that something that happened should by all means have happened, expressed w. the impf. ἔδει (Jos., Bell. 4, 232; Just., D. 88, 6; 141, 1 al.) had to Lk 15:32; 22:7; 24:26; J 4:4; Ac 1:16; 17:3.
    ⓓ to indicate that someth. that did not take place really should have happened, also expressed w. the impf. ἔδει should have, ought to have Mt 18:33; 23:23; Ac 24:19 (Ath. 21, 1; ὸ̔ν ἔδει w. inf. TestJos 14:3; οὓς ἔδει w. inf.: Isocr. 3, 40, 35a; Lysias 14, 29; Lucian, Philops. 21); 27:21; 2 Cor 2:3. Cp. B-D-F. §358.—EFascher, Theol. Beobachtungen zu δεῖ im AT: ZNW 45, ’54, 244–52, Theol. Beobachtungen zu δεῖ: RBultmann Festschr., ’54, 228–54; CCosgrove, NovT 26, ’84, 168–90 (Luke-Acts).—JKube, ΤΕΧΝΗ und ΑΡΕΤΗ ’69, 46. Cp. χρή. B. 640f. Schmidt, Syn. III 702–5. DELG s.v. δέω 2. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δεῖ

  • 11 зор

    1. (усилие) effort
    давам си зор work hard, strain o.s.
    не му давай зор don't bustle bun, don't press him
    на зор съм be hard pressed; be up against it
    видях доста зор, докато го направя it was a tough job, I had a hard time doing it
    спечелвам без зор win at a canter; win hand down
    2. (принуда) constraint, compulsion, force
    3. (нужда) need, necessity
    имам малко зор за пари I need some cash
    много съм на зор за пари be hard pressed for cash
    за зор-заман for a rainy day
    хич/никак не ми е зор за това I don't care a whit about that; I couldn't care less
    значи това му било зорът so that's where the shoe pinches
    дотук му е зорът the worst is over, it's plain sailing from now on
    * * *
    м., само ед. разг.
    1. ( усилие) effort; видях доста \зор, докато го направя it was a tough job, I had a hard time doing it; давам някому \зор run s.o. into the ground; давам си \зор work hard, strain o.s.; make an effort, put effort into s.th.; на \зор съм be hard pressed; be up against it; не му давай \зор don’t bustle him, don’t press him; не си давай \зор take it easy; при голям \зор, когато сме много на \зор at a push, when it comes to the push; спечелвам без \зор win at a canter; win hands down;
    2. ( принуда) constraint, compulsion, force;
    3. ( нужда) need, necessity; имам малко \зор за пари I need some cash; много съм на \зор за пари be hard pressed for cash; • дотук му е \зорът the worst is over, it’s plain sailing from now on; за \зор заман for a rainy day; значи това му бил \зорът so that’s where the shoe pinches; хич/никак не ми е \зор за това I don’t care a whit about that; I couldn’t care less.
    * * *
    fetch; effort
    * * *
    1. (нужда) need, necessity 2. (принуда) constraint, compulsion, force 3. (усилие) effort 4. видях доста ЗОР, докато го направя it was a tough job, I had a hard time doing it 5. давам си ЗОР work hard, strain o.s. 6. дотук му е ЗОРът the worst is over, it's plain sailing from now on 7. за ЗОР - заман for a rainy day 8. значи това му било ЗОРът so that's where the shoe pinches 9. имам малко ЗОР за пари I need some cash 10. много съм на ЗОР за пари be hard pressed for cash 11. на ЗОР съм be hard pressed;be up against it 12. не му давай ЗОР don't bustle bun, don't press him 13. не си давай ЗОР take it easy 14. спечелвам без ЗОР win at a canter;win hand down 15. хич/никак не ми е ЗОР за това I don't care a whit about that;I couldn't care less

    Български-английски речник > зор

  • 12 necessitas

    nĕcessĭtas, ātis ( gen. plur. -ātium, Caes. B. G. 7, 89, 1), f. [necesse], unavoidableness, inevitableness, necessity, compulsion, force, exigency.
    I.
    Lit.: hinc exsistit illa fatalis necessitas, quam heimarmenên dicitis, ut, quidquid accidat, id ex aeternā veritate, causarumque continuatione fluxisse dicatis, Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 55:

    ut, etiam si naturā tales (i. e. feroces) non sint, necessitate esse coguntur,

    by the compulsion of circumstances, id. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

    tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,

    id. ib. 4, 9, 2:

    veniam necessitati dare,

    id. Off. 2, 16, 56:

    necessitatem alicui afferre,

    id. Phil. 10, 1, 2. necessitas mihi obvenit alicujus rei, id. Off. 2, 21, 74:

    ex necessitate aliquid facere,

    Tac. H. 3, 62:

    ac nescio an majores necessitates vobis, quam captivis vestris, fortuna circumdederit,

    Liv. 21, 43:

    extrema necessitas,

    i. e. death, Sall. H. 1, 41, 15 Dietsch; Tac. A. 15, 61; id. H. 1, 72:

    necessitate me, mala ut fiam, facis,

    Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 54.—Prov.:

    facere de necessitate virtutem,

    to make a virtue of necessity, Hier. in Ruf. 3, n. 2; id. Ep. 54, n. 6:

    quam cum pecuniam profudisset, et sibi nihil non modo ad cupiditates suas, sed ne ad necessitatem quidem reliquisset,

    Cic. Clu. 25, 68.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Fate, destiny, a law of nature:

    signorum ortus et obitus... quadam ex necessitate semper eodem modo fiunt,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

    humana consilia divina necessitate esse superata,

    id. Lig. 6, 17:

    ut vita, quae necessitati deberetur,

    id. Sest. 21, 47:

    ut id fatum vim necessitatis adferret,

    id. Fat. 17, 39:

    et vis omnium rerum,

    id. ib. 20, 48:

    fati,

    Liv. 1, 42.—
    B.
    In plur. concr., necessaries, necessary things, necessary expenses:

    reliquis autem tribus virtutibus necessitates propositae sunt ad eas res parandas, quibus actio vitae continetur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 5, 17:

    vitae necessitatibus servire,

    id. Div. 1, 49, 110:

    suarum necessitatum causa,

    wants, interests, Caes. B. G. 7, 89:

    publicae necessitates,

    Liv. 23, 48, 10:

    necessitates ac largitiones,

    Tac. A. 1, 11.—
    C.
    Necessity, need, want (mostly post-Aug.):

    famem et ceteras necessitates tantopere tolerabant, ut, etc.,

    Suet. Caes. 68; id. Tib. 47:

    quod pro honore acceptum etiam necessitatibus subvenit,

    Tac. G. 15:

    neque enim necessitatibus tantummodo nostris provisum est, usque in delicias amamur,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 5, 1; cf.:

    sustinere necessitates aliorum,

    Liv. 6, 15, 9.—
    D.
    For necessitudo, connection, relationship, friendship:

    si nostram necessitatem familiaritatemque violāsset,

    Cic. Sull. 1, 2:

    magnam necessitatem possidet paternus maternusque sanguis,

    bond of affection, intimacy, id. Rosc. Am. 24, 66: equidem mihi videor pro nostrā necessitate non labore defuisse, Caes. ap. Gell. 13, 3, 5 (cited ap. Non. 354, 11).—
    E.
    Personified: Necessitas, the goddess of necessity, the Gr. Anankê:

    te semper anteit saeva Necessitas,

    Hor. C. 1, 35, 17; cf. Macr. S. 1, 19; and v. clavus.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > necessitas

  • 13 вынужденный

    3) Naval: force
    4) Bookish: fain
    5) Mathematics: compelled, under necessity
    6) Religion: Fieri Curavit ("caused to be made", сокр. F.C.), Fieri Fecit ("caused to be made", сокр. F.F.)
    7) Law: involuntary
    8) Diplomatic term: bound a predic.
    9) Physics: stimulated
    10) Aviation medicine: compulsive
    12) Scuba diving: forced (подъем)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > вынужденный

  • 14 Zwang

    1. zwang [tsvaŋ] imp von → zwingen
    2. Zwang <-[e]s, Zwänge> [tsvaŋ, pl ʼtsvɛŋə] m
    1) ( Gewalt) force;
    ( Druck) pressure;
    gesellschaftliche Zwänge social constraints;
    seinen Gefühlen \Zwang antun to suppress one's feelings;
    \Zwang ausüben to put on pressure;
    \Zwang auf jdn ausüben to exert pressure on sb;
    \Zwang auf jdn ausüben, damit er/ sie etw tut to pressurize [or (Am) pressure] sb into doing sth;
    etw ohne \Zwang tun to do sth voluntarily [or without being forced [to]];
    unter \Zwang under duress [or pressure];
    ein Geständnis unter \Zwang machen to make a confession under duress
    2) ( Notwendigkeit) compulsion, necessity;
    aus \Zwang under compulsion, out of necessity;
    der \Zwang einer S. gen the pressure of sth;
    es besteht kein \Zwang, etw zu kaufen there is no obligation to buy sth
    3) ( Einfluss) influence
    WENDUNGEN:
    tu dir keinen \Zwang an feel free [to do sth];
    darf man hier rauchen? - klar, tu dir keinen Zwang an! is it OK to smoke here? - of course, feel free!

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Zwang

  • 15 zwang

    1. zwang [tsvaŋ] imp von → zwingen
    2. Zwang <-[e]s, Zwänge> [tsvaŋ, pl ʼtsvɛŋə] m
    1) ( Gewalt) force;
    ( Druck) pressure;
    gesellschaftliche Zwänge social constraints;
    seinen Gefühlen \zwang antun to suppress one's feelings;
    \zwang ausüben to put on pressure;
    \zwang auf jdn ausüben to exert pressure on sb;
    \zwang auf jdn ausüben, damit er/ sie etw tut to pressurize [or (Am) pressure] sb into doing sth;
    etw ohne \zwang tun to do sth voluntarily [or without being forced [to]];
    unter \zwang under duress [or pressure];
    ein Geständnis unter \zwang machen to make a confession under duress
    2) ( Notwendigkeit) compulsion, necessity;
    aus \zwang under compulsion, out of necessity;
    der \zwang einer S. gen the pressure of sth;
    es besteht kein \zwang, etw zu kaufen there is no obligation to buy sth
    3) ( Einfluss) influence
    WENDUNGEN:
    tu dir keinen \zwang an feel free [to do sth];
    darf man hier rauchen? - klar, tu dir keinen Zwang an! is it OK to smoke here? - of course, feel free!

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > zwang

  • 16 pakko

    yks.nom. pakko; yks.gen. pakon; yks.part. pakkoa; yks.ill. pakkoon; mon.gen. pakkojen; mon.part. pakkoja; mon.ill. pakkoihin
    coercion (noun)
    compulsion (noun)
    constraint (noun)
    enforcement (noun)
    force (noun)
    necessity (noun)
    restrainedly (noun)
    urgency (noun)
    * * *
    • constraint
    • duress
    • enforcement
    • force
    • forcible
    • necessity
    • compulsory
    • urgency
    • must
    • request
    • compulsion
    • command
    • coercion
    • coaction
    • need

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > pakko

  • 17 ἀνάγκα

    ᾰνάγκα (-α, -ας, -ᾳ; -αις)
    1 necessity, compulsion, constraint ἐχθρᾷ λόγον φράσαις ἀνάγκᾳ with the hostility of necessity O. 2.60

    μιν ἔντὐ ἀνάγκα πατρόθεν O. 3.28

    σὺν δ' ἀνάγκᾳ μιν φίλον καί τις ἐὼν μελαλάνωρ ἔσανεν P. 1.51

    βοέους δήσαις ἀνάγκᾳ ἔντεσιν αὐχένας (v. l. ἀνάγκας) P. 4.234

    καλὰ γινώσκοντ' ἀνάγκᾳ ἐκτὸς ἔχειν πόδα P. 4.288

    ὥρα πότνια, τὸν μὲν ἡμέροις ἀνάγκας χερσὶ βαστάζεις N. 8.3

    κεράιζε Τυφῶνα πεντηκοντοκέφαλον ἀνάγκᾳ Ζεὺς πατὴρ was compelled to fr. 93. βιαίᾳ δαμεὶς ἀνάγκᾳ by inescapable violence Παρθ. 1. 1. σὺν δ' ἀνάγκᾳ πᾶν καλὸν fr. 122. 9. Ταρτάρου πυθμέναπτίξεις ἀφανοῦς σφυρηλάτοις ἀνάγκαις beaten chains of compulsion fr. 207. c. inf.,

    θανεῖν δ' οἷσιν ἀνάγκα O. 1.82

    frag. Κρ]ονίων νεῦσεν ἀνάγκᾳ[ Δ. 4. 17.

    Lexicon to Pindar > ἀνάγκα

  • 18 necessitās

        necessitās ātis （ gen plur. tātium, Cs.), f    [necesse], unavoidableness, inevitableness, necessity, compulsion, force, exigency: illam a me distrahit necessitas, T.: necessitatis crimen, non voluntatis: necessitati parere: necessitas huius muneris rei p. obvenit: expressa necessitas obsides dandi Romanis, forced upon the Romans, L.: nescio an maiores necessitates vobis fortuna circumdederit, L.: tardi Leti, H.— Fate, destiny, law of nature: divina: ut vita, quae necessitati deberetur: necessitate, naturally: fati, L.: suprema, death, Ta.: mors est necessitas naturae.— Necessity, need, want: suarum necessitatum causā, Cs.: vitae necessitatibus servire: publicae, L.: quod pro honore acceptum etiam necessitatibus subvenit, Ta.— Connection, relationship, friendship: magnam necessitatem possidet paternus sanguis, bond of affection. —Person., the goddess of necessity: saeva, H.
    * * *
    need/necessity; inevitability; difficult straits; poverty; obligation; bond

    Latin-English dictionary > necessitās

  • 19 ἀνάγκη

    ἀνάγκη, [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. [full] ἀναγκαίη, ἡ,
    A force, constraint, necessity,

    κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' ἀ. Il.6.458

    ; ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει ib.85;

    ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν 4.300

    ;

    τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν; 5.633

    ; οἷσιν ἀ. (sc. φυλάσσειν) 10.418, al.: but in Hom. usu. in dat. as Adv., ἀνάγκῃ perforce, of necessity,

    ἀείδειν Od.1.154

    ;

    φεύγειν Il.11.150

    : in act. sense, forcibly, by force, ἴσχειν, ἄγειν, Od.4.557, 22.353;

    μνήσασθαι 7.217

    : strengthd. by καί, 10.434;

    ὑπ' ἀνάγκης 19.156

    ; opp. ἑκόντες, Pl.Phdr. 231a;

    ὑπ' ἀναγκαίης Hdt.7.172

    , al.;

    ἐξ ἀνάγκης S.Ph.73

    , Th.3.40, etc.;

    δι' ἀνάγκης Pl.Ti. 47e

    ;

    σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ Pi.P.1.51

    ;

    πρὸς ἀνάγκαν A.Pers. 569

     codd. (lyr.), cf. Epict.Ench.29.2;

    κατ' ἀνάγκην X.Cyr.4.3.7

    : ἀνάγκη ἐστί, c. inf., it must be that.., is necessary that.., cf. Il. supr. cit.;

    πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι Hdt.2.22

    ; τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ. ib.35: c. dat. pers.,

    ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν A.Pr.16

    , cf. Pers. 293:—in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, πολλή γ' ἀνάγκη, πολλή' στ' ἀνάγκη, or πολλή μ' ἀνάγκη, with which an inf. may always be supplied, E.Med. 1013, Hec. 396, S.Tr. 295; so

    πᾶσ' ἀνάγκη El. 1497

    , cf. Pl.R. 441d; ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί] ib. 485e, Is.3.6, D.28.9;

    ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί Lys.6.8

    : later ἀνάγκην ἔχω, c. inf., Ev.Luc. 14.18.
    2 necessity in the philosophical sense, Arist.APo. 94b37, Metaph. 1026b28, Ph. 199b34; logical necessity, Metaph. 1064b33: in pl., laws of nature,

    τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων X. Mem.1.1.11

    , cf. Hp.Aër.21.
    b natural need,

    γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις A.Ag. 726

    , cf. Ar.Nu. 1075, X.Cyn.7.1;

    ὑπ' ἀ. τῆς ἐμφύτου Pl.R. 458d

    ; ἐρωτικαῖς ἀ. ib., etc.
    c ἡ ἀ. τοῦ τόπου the lie of the ground as a necessary condition, PLille4.14.
    d ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι, fate, destiny, E.Ph. 1000, 1763: freq. personified in Poets, Parm.8.30, Emp.116, A.Pr. 105, S.Fr. 256;

    Ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται Simon.5.21

    .
    3 compulsion exerted by a superior, ἀ. προστιθέναι, ἐπιτιθέναι, X.Hier.9.4, Lac.10.7.
    b violence, punishment, esp. of torture, mostly pl.,

    ἐς ἀνάγκας ἄγεσθαι Hdt.1.116

    , cf. Antipho 6.25, Herod.5.5;

    προσάγειν τινὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας Th.1.99

    ; τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα instruments of torture, Plb.15.28.2: later in sg.,

    ἡ ἀ. τῶν βασάνων Plu.2.305e

    ;

    πρὸς ἀνάγκην

     under torture,

    Id.Publ.17

    : metaph., Hp. de Arte13; δολοποιὸς ἀ., i. e. the stratagem of Nessus, S.Tr. 832;

    βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις Xenarch.1.9

    .
    c duress, 'force majeure',

    ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντες Democr.239

    ; stress of circumstances,

    ἀκούσιοι ἀ. Th.3.82

    .
    d treatment by mechanical force,

    τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρειν Hp.Fract.15

    , cf. Art.73.
    4 bodily pain, anguish,

    κατ' ἀνάγκην ἕρπειν

     painfully,

    S.Ph. 206

     (lyr.); ὑπ' ἀνάγκης βοᾶν ib. 215;

    ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαι E.Ba.89

     (lyr.): generally, distress,

    ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν Simon.226

    ; freq. in LXX, Jb.15.24, al.;

    ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀ. 1 Ep.Cor.7.26

    : esp. in pl., IG12 (7).386.23 (Amorgos, iii B. C.), D.S.4.43, 2 Ep.Cor.6.4, etc.
    II tie of blood, kindred, Lys.32.5.
    III = ἡ δικαστικὴ κλεψύδρα, Hsch.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνάγκη

  • 20 ἀνάγκη

    ἀνάγκη, ης, ἡ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; PsSol 5:6; TestJob 12:3; TestJos 2:4; ApcSed 10:4; ApcMos 25; Philo, Joseph., Ar., Just.; Mel. Fgm. 6, 5; Ath.) never in NT in the exceptional sense of ‘fate’ (e.g. Eur., Ph. 1000).
    ① necessity or constraint as inherent in the nature of things, necessity, pressure of any kind, a divine dispensation, some hoped-for advantage, custom, duty, etc. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 17 §68 ἀ. νόμων; Musaeus 289 of love; Crates p. 54, 15 al. Malherbe; SibOr 3, 101; 296; Just., D. 44, 11) ἄνευ ζυγοῦ ἀνάγκης without the yoke of necessity B 2:6. ἀνάγκη (sc. ἐστὶν) it is necessary, inevitable, one must w. inf., or acc. and inf. (Hdt. 2, 35; SIG 888, 79; BGU 665 II, 16; Just., A I, 21, 4 al.; Ath. 17, 1 al.; Did., Gen. 104, 29) ἀ. (ἐστὶν [v.l.]) ἐλθεῖν τὰ σκάνδαλα temptations must come Mt 18:7. διὸ ἀ. (sc. ἐστὶν) therefore it is nec. (for you) to be subject Ro 13:5. θάνατον ἀ. (sc. ἐστὶν) φέρεσθαι τοῦ διαθεμένου the death of the testator must be announced Hb 9:16; cp. vs. 23. W. ἐστί and without inf. εἰ ἀ. ἐστί Hs 9, 9, 3. ἐὰν ᾖ ἀ. D 12:2—ἀ. ἔχω w. inf. (Plut., Cato Min. 24, 6; Jos., Ant. 16, 290, Vi. 171 et al.; TestJob 10:3; 12:3 al.; POxy 1061, 4 [22 B.C.]; PFlor 278 IV, 23; cp. New Docs 1, 45) I must ἰδεῖν αὐτόν Lk 14:18; ἀπολύειν 23:16 [17] v.l; γράψαι ὑμῖν Jd 3; θυσίας ἀναφέρειν Hb 7:27; αἰτεῖσθαι Hs 5, 4, 5; ἐρωτᾶν 9, 14, 4; cp. 9, 16, 2. Without inf. μὴ ἔχων ἀ. 1 Cor 7:37.—ἀ. μοι ἐπίκειται (Il. 6, 458) I am under obligation 9:16.—W. prep. ἐξ ἀνάγκης under pressure (Trag., Thu.; Epict. 2, 20, 1; Jos., Bell. 5, 568; Ath., R. 66, 17; Did., Gen. 75, 21; POxy 237 IV, 33; PIand 19, 1) 2 Cor 9:7; necessarily (logically) (Diod S 1, 80, 3; Dio Chrys. 21 [38], 31; 34; Philo, Aet. M. 21; 52) Hb 7:12; Hs 7:3. For this pleonastically δεῖ ἐξ ἀ. m 6, 2, 8; Hs 9, 9, 2. ὡς κατὰ ἀνάγκην (opp. κατὰ ἑκούσιον) as it were, by pressure Phlm 14 (cp. X., Cyr. 4, 3, 7; Artem. 5, 23; EpArist 104; 2 Macc 15:2; Jos., Ant. 3, 223; Ar.; Just., A I, 30, 1; Ath. 24, 2; PCairMasp 66, 2).
    ② a state of distress or trouble, distress, calamity, pressure (characteristic of later Gk.: Diod S 10, 4, 6 [mortal danger]; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 40 §167 ἐσχάτη ἀ.; LXX; Jos., Bell. 5, 571; Ant. 2, 67. So as loanw. in rabb.) of distress in the last days ἀ. μεγάλη Lk 21:23. ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀ. the present distress 1 Cor 7:26 (the expr. ‘present distress’ is found in Epict. 3, 26, 7; 3 Macc 1:16 v.l. and PGM 4, 526f. In Antiphon 6, 25 the present coercion is called ἡ παροῦσα ἀνάγκη.—See KBenz, TGl 10, 1918, 388ff; PTischleder, ibid. 12, 1920, 225ff). W. θλῖψις (like Job 15:24) 1 Th 3:7. Pl. pressures (Antiphon 6, 25; Herodas 5, 59; Diod S 4, 43, 5; 10, 17, 1; SIG 521, 23 [III B.C.]; Cat. Cod. Astr. VII 143, 23; VIII/3, 182, 17; 185, 27; LXX; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 41; Jos., Ant. 16, 253; TestJos 2:4) w. θλίψεις, στενοχωρίαι et al. 2 Cor 6:4; w. διωγμοί and στενοχωρίαι 12:10 (but see 3 below). In Paul’s recitals of woe there surfaces the theme of the endangered benefactor who risks much for his public (s. AFridrichsen, Zum Stil des Paulinischen Peristasenkatalogs: SymbOsl 7, 1928, 25–29; Danker, Benefactor 363–64). ἐξ ἀναγκῶν ἐξαιρεῖσθαι rescue from calamities 1 Cl 56:8 (Job 5:19). For this ἐξ ἀναγκῶν λυτροῦσθαι τοὺς δούλους τοῦ θεοῦ Hm 8:10.
    ③ concr. for abstr. compulsion by forcible means, torture (ref. in AFridrichsen, ConNeot 9, ’44, 28f and L-S-J-M s.v. 3); this mng. is prob. in some passages, e.g. 2 Cor 12:10 (s. 2 above).—HSchreckenburg, Ananke, ’64.—B. 638. DELG. DDD s.v.Ananke. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀνάγκη

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • compulsion — com·pul·sion /kəm pəl shən/ n 1: an act of compelling (as by threat or intimidation); specif: coercion a payment exacted by lawless compulsion E. A. Farnsworth and W. F. Young 2: the state of being compelled; specif …   Law dictionary

  • necessity — ne·ces·si·ty n pl ties 1 a: the presence or pressure of circumstances that justify or compel a certain course of action; esp: a need to respond or react to a dangerous situation by committing a criminal act b: an affirmative defense originating… …   Law dictionary

  • necessity — [nə ses′ətē] n. pl. necessities [ME necessite < OFr nécessité < L necessitas < necesse: see NECESSARY] 1. the power of natural law that cannot be other than it is; natural causation; physical compulsion placed on man by nature; fate 2.… …   English World dictionary

  • Necessity — Ne*ces si*ty, n.; pl. {Necessities}. [OE. necessite, F. n[ e]cessit[ e], L. necessitas, fr. necesse. See {Necessary}.] 1. The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite; inevitableness; indispensableness. [1913… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • necessity — (n.) late 14c., constraining power of circumstances, from O.Fr. necessité need, necessity; privation, poverty; distress, torment; obligation, duty (12c.), from L. necessitatem (nom. necessitas) compulsion, need for attention, unavoidableness,… …   Etymology dictionary

  • compulsion — coercion, constraint, duress, *force, violence, restraint Analogous words: impelling or impulsion, driving or drive (see corresponding verbs at MOVE): pressure, *stress: necessity, exigency, *need Contrasted words: persuasion, inducement (see… …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

  • compulsion — [n] drive, obligation coercion, constraint, demand, drive, driving, duress, duty, engrossment, exigency, force, hang up, have on the brain*, monkey*, necessity, need, obsession, preoccupation, prepossession, pressure, tiger by the tail*, urge,… …   New thesaurus

  • necessity — *need, exigency Analogous words: compelling or compulsion, constraining or constraint, obliging or obligation, coercing or coercion (see corresponding verbs at FORCE): indispensableness, requisiteness or requisition, needfulness (see… …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

  • necessity — [n] need, essentiality call, cause, claim, compulsion, demand, desideratum, duress, essence, essential, exaction, exigency, fundamental, godsend*, imperative, indispensability, inevitability, inexorableness, life or death*, must, necessary,… …   New thesaurus

  • necessity — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) I n. need (see necessity); compulsion; poverty. II What must happen Nouns 1. necessity, necessitation, obligation, compulsion, subjection; needfulness, essentiality, indispensability; dire or cruel… …   English dictionary for students

  • Compulsion — (Roget s Thesaurus) < N PARAG:Compulsion >N GRP: N 1 Sgm: N 1 compulsion compulsion coercion coaction constraint duress enforcement press conscription GRP: N 2 Sgm: N 2 force force Sgm: N 2 brute force …   English dictionary for students

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»